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It seems like a long time has passed, but only a month ago Glasgow closed the COP26 with a final plot twist that is not exactly positive: the agreement is there, but the commitment to exit coal and the stop to subsidies to fossil fuels, inserted for the first time in the history of the United Nations climate conferences in an initial draft that had galvanized the Glasgow negotiations, is reduced to a slowdown.
Let's see, however, what else has happened. Here are the agreements explained in points.
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- Reiterated the objective at 1.5 degrees
The commitment to make every effort to stay below 2 degrees of increase in temperatures and around 1.5 degrees, considered by scientists to be the value within which to maintain themselves. Which translates into a promise to reduce emissions ofthe 45% By 2030.
The climate policies implemented by the various countries should be updated and made more stringent. Based on calculations by the International Energy Agency (IEA), if all countries stick to the plans they presented in Glasgow, in 2100 Will global warming touch 1.8 degrees. These calculations, however, are based on the decarbonization objectives set by the various countries in 2050 and 2060 or even in 2070 for India.
Instead, based on the shorter-term objectives, that is, those of 2030 The Climate Action Tracker research group predicts that global temperatures will rise by at least 2.4 degrees.
THEEuropean Union presents itself and negotiates at the COP with a common position. The common objective, at the base of European Green Deal, is the reduction of greenhouse gases of 55% in 2030.
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- Economic support is coming, but only in 2023
It was a COP where there was a lot of talk about money. Also because whoever was supposed to receive it, that is, the least developed countries, arrived in Glasgow without the richest economies having reached 100 billion dollars a year in 2020 in support of the energy transition promised in 2009 in Copenhagen. The commitment is to increase, even double, the appropriations in the future between 2025 and 2030. In the meantime, however, the goal of 100 billion is postponed to 2023.
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- Making the Paris Agreement operational
One of the most important objectives of COP26 was to make transparent all the ways to the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions and the monitoring of the commitments made by countries (NDC - Nationally Determined Contributions).
The tables and formats for reporting have therefore been adopted in accordance with the new transparency framework (ETF) of the Paris Agreement, which will enter into force for all countries by 2024.
It has been reached The agreement on market mechanisms, relating to Article 6 of the Paris Agreement, which recognizes the possibility for countries to use the international carbon market for the implementation of nationally determined commitments (NDC). Through rules, methods and procedures for “market mechanisms”, the main loopholes that risked making this tool useless if not counterproductive have been eliminated.
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- Let's give each other times
The agreement states that each country must provide the United Nations with its climate plans for five-year cycles. But a stringent commitment is lacking. The Glasgow Pact is limited to 'encouraging' to present in 2025 the package of commitments for reduce emissions and achieve the objectives of the Paris agreements, called nationally determined contributions of 2035, in 2030 those of 2040.
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- Postponed to 2022
Not everything ends in Glasgow. By next year, countries that have not yet done so must submit their national plans. Then a work program to accelerate the cut in emissions, who will present its results at COP27, hosted by Egypt in Sharm-el-Sheikh, and an annual commission to verify the climate strategies of the various countries.
