In recent years, the climate change has become a central topic in the international debate, prompting local, national and global institutions to adopt measures to limit greenhouse gas emissions.
However, to effectively manage these emissions, it is essential to have tools that can quantify, monitor and verify them objectively.
To meet this need, theInternational Organization for Standardization (ISO) Has developed the standard ISO 14064, which provides a scientific and systematic approach for the calculation and reporting of greenhouse gas emissions (GHG).
In this article we will analyze in detail What is ISO 14064, what are its components and the categories of emissions it takes into consideration, concluding with an analysis of what are the advantages for companies.
Let's get started!
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What is ISO 14064?
ISO 14064 is a standard that provides guidelines and requirements for quantification and reporting of emissions of a company's greenhouse gases (GHG), with the aim of guaranteeing transparency and credibility.
This standard is essential to meet the growing need for reliable climate data. A correct application of ISO 14064 allows organizations to improve transparency and effectiveness in the management of its emissions, facilitating the identification and reduction of environmental impact.
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The 3 components of ISO 14064
ISO 14064 is divided into 3 parts that can also be used separately.
- UNI ISO 14064-1
Defines the requirements for designing, developing, and managing GHG inventories. It establishes the boundaries of the emissions to be considered, and the methodology for quantifying, monitoring and reporting greenhouse gases.
- UNI ISO 14064-2
It includes principles and requirements for the quantification, monitoring and reporting of emission reduction and compensation activities (e.g. investments in renewable sources, carbon sequestration, etc.).
- UNI ISO 14064-3
It provides guidelines for validating and verifying GHG statements. ISO 14064-3 can then be used by organizations or independent third parties to validate or verify GHG reporting and statements.
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The inventory of emissions: the 6 categories of the ISO 14064-1 standard
The central point of Calculation of the carbon footprint of a company, according to ISO 14064-1, is the creation of a inventory of emissions of greenhouse gases (GHG), which includes the different emission sources associated with business processes.
According to the GHG Protocol, Emissions are classified into direct emissions from sources directly controlled by the company (Scope 1), indirect emissions coming from the energy purchased (Scope 2) and indirect emissions not included in Scope 2, which occur in the company's value chain (Scope 3).
According to the ISO 14064-1 standard Instead, emissions are classified as 6 categories.
- CATEGORY 1
Direct emissions, i.e. those coming from installations within the corporate border and from sources under the direct control of the organization (comparable to Scope 1 of the GHG Protocol). - CATEGORY 2
Indirect emissions from energy consumption, deriving from the generation of electricity, heat and steam imported and consumed within the organization (comparable to Scope 2 of the GHG Protocol). - CATEGORY 3
Transportation-related indirect emissions, deriving from the combustion of fuel for the transport of goods, materials or people by vehicles not owned by the organization (if, on the other hand, the vehicles are owned, they are considered in CATEGORY 1) - CATEGORY 4
Indirect emissions deriving from the production of the goods purchased by the organization, associated with the phase “from the cradle to the supplier's gate” (cradle-to-gate). - CATEGORY 5
Indirect emissions generated by the use of the organization's products after their sale. When certain data on their final destination is not available, plausible scenarios are developed for each product. - CATEGORY 6
Indirect emissions from sources that do not fall into other categories.
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ISO 14064 VS ISO 14067
While ISO 14064 indicates guidelines for calculation of an organization's carbon footprint (CFO), so the total GHG emissions generated by all the company's activities and operations, the standard ISO 14067 Rule the product carbon footprint (CFP).
The carbon footprint of a product or service measures the emissions generated throughout its life cycle (or part of it), from production to distribution, use and disposal.
This analysis quantifies theenvironmental impact of a single product, helping companies and consumers to make more informed choices in terms of sustainability.
La ISO 14067 plays a key role in obtaining the Ecolabel brand, which certifies the environmental sustainability of a product. In addition, it is considered a rewarding factor for access to specific markets and for participation in tenders.
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How do you obtain ISO 14064 certification? 5 steps to follow
To achieve the ISO 14064 certification, one of the main certifications in the ESG field, organizations must follow a structured process that allows them to develop a detailed inventory of your greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions.
This path not only ensures compliance with the standard, but also offers a solid foundation for the continuous improvement of environmental performance.
Let's see together what are the 5 steps to follow.
- Create a GHG Inventory
The process, based on regulatory guidelines, involves the accurate collection of data on the company's greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This includes not only production processes, but also energy consumption, transport and other emissive activities. It is essential to identify both direct and indirect sources, such as the use of fuel for vehicles not owned by the company and the purchase of electricity. - Internal verification
It aims to ensure full compliance with the ISO 14064 standard and the accuracy of the data collected and reported. This process makes it possible to identify any critical issues, correct errors and identify opportunities for improvement before the external audit. - External verification
An independent, accredited certification body performs the audit, verifying the GHG inventory, company policies, and emission management procedures. The objective is to ensure compliance with the ISO 14064 standard and to certify the accuracy and completeness of the emission inventory. - Issuance of certification
Compliance with the requirements of the standard and the accuracy of the data on greenhouse gas emissions are certified. The certification represents an official recognition of the organization's ability to effectively manage its emissions. - Maintaining certification
The certification has a limited validity of one year, during which the organization must undergo periodic audits to confirm compliance and continuous improvement. In the meantime, it is essential to monitor and update the GHG inventory, implementing measures to further reduce emissions.
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The 6 advantages for companies that want to obtain ISO 14064 certification
Get the ISO 14064 certification for the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions brings numerous benefits to companies, improving their efficiency, competitiveness and reputation.
Let's analyze the main advantages in detail.
- Improving operational efficiency
Monitoring and certifying the carbon footprint helps companies identify the main sources of GHG emissions, optimize processes and improve energy efficiency. This approach makes it possible to adopt targeted strategies, set reduction objectives and offsetting concrete and make decisions based on reliable data. - Reducing costs
Effective emissions management not only protects the environment, but also brings economic benefits. Reducing energy consumption and optimizing resources lowers operating costs, while compliance with regulations avoids penalties and unforeseen events related to environmental damage. - Improving business reputation
Measure and reduce emissions strengthens corporate credibility and improves brand image. The certification demonstrates environmental commitment, increasing the trust of customers, investors and partners, and encouraging new opportunities for collaboration. - Competitive advantage in the market
The ISO 14064 certification allows companies to stand out from the competition, strengthening their position in the market. More and more companies and institutions prefer to work with certified suppliers to ensure the reliability of their supply chains and comply with sustainability standards. - Increased transparency and CSR communication
Publishing certified emissions data demonstrates the company's commitment to climate change, strengthening transparency, reputation and public trust.
Access to tenders and incentives for sustainabilityObtaining ISO 14064 certification may represent a fundamental requirement for accessing finance, concessions or incentives related to sustainability.
